The problem with such a universalistic conceptualization, as the founding fathers well appreciated, was that it most likely precluded any general theory that would be applicable to all systems, so defined (Bertalanffy 1956 Boulding 1956 Ashby 1958 Rapoport 1968).Īccordingly, the founding fathers stressed that the term “general” in general systems theory referred to theories about systems as such. Our starting point is the insight that a fundamental property of the universe is functional relationships involving two or more “objects,” along with the fact that the systems science pioneers of the 1950s were comfortable with using this broad formulation as a generic definition of a “system” (Hall and Fagan 1956). Here I will briefly discuss one aspect of the relationship between the two. Indeed, synergy is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and human societies alike. You can read the full summary on for the International Society for the Systems Sciences, and the Systems Sciences Primer (1996)Īlthough its role is often unappreciated, synergy can be considered one of the core concepts of the systems sciences. The strategy is the fourth iteration for the Department, and the first to be informed by years of significant cyberspace operations. "It also reflects the department’s approach to defending the homeland through the cyber domain as well as prioritizing the integration of cyber capabilities into our traditional warfighting capabilities." "Distinct from previous iterations, the strategy commits to increasing our collective cyber resilience by building the cyber capability of allies and partners." Deputy Assistant Secretary for Cyber Policy Mieke Eoyang said. The strategy highlights DOD’s actions to invest in and ensure the defense, availability, reliability, and resilience of its cyber networks and infrastructure to support non-DOD agencies in their related roles and to protect the defense industrial base. The United States faces diverse, growing threats in cyberspace and the strategy outlines how DOD is maximizing its cyber capabilities in support of integrated deterrence and employing cyberspace operations in concert with other instruments of national power. "It has driven home the need to work closely with our allies, partners, and industry to make sure we have the right cyber capabilities, cyber security, and cyber resilience to help deter conflict, and to fight and win if deterrence fails." "This strategy draws on lessons learned from years of conducting cyber operations and our close observation of how cyber has been used in the Russia-Ukraine war," Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy John Plumb said. It builds upon the 2018 DOD Cyber Strategy and will set a new strategic direction for the Department. The 2023 DOD Cyber Strategy, which DOD transmitted to Congress in May, is the baseline document for how the Department is operationalizing the priorities of the 2022 National Security Strategy, 2022 National Defense Strategy, and the 2023 National Cybersecurity Strategy. Today, the Department of Defense (DOD) released an unclassified summary of its classified 2023 Cyber Strategy.
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